Neurology Alert
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Biomarkers of Intrathecal Inflammation in Multiple Sclerosis and Other Disorders
A study of intrathecal immune markers in neuro-immunological diseases revealed increased numbers of activated T and B cells in both relapsing and progressive multiple sclerosis, but they were preferentially embedded in the brain tissue in progressive multiple sclerosis.
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Cerebrospinal Fluid Tau and Amyloid-ß1-42 in Patients with Dementia
In patients with clinically diagnosed dementia, the CSF biomarker profile of low CSF amyloid-ß1-42, high total tau, and high phosphorylated tau was seen in the majority of patients with clinically diagnosed Alzheimer’s disease. Substantial proportions of patients with non-Alzheimer’s dementia were also found to have the Alzheimer’s disease pathological profile. The value of CSF biomarker measurements in clinical practice is uncertain.
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Vitamin D and Diabetic Neuropathy
Vitamin D deficiency may exacerbate the clinical manifestations of diabetic neuropathy, and supplementation with vitamin D3 may be beneficial.
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The Expanding Role of Tau in Neurodegeneration: New Insights from Huntington’s Disease
Although Huntington’s disease is due to a triplet repeat expansion in the huntingtin gene, this study demonstrates abnormally phosphorylated tau pathology in Huntington’s disease brain tissue.
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Small Fiber Neuropathy in Critical Illness
The spectrum of critical illness polyneuropathy may include painful, small-fiber degeneration that can be readily diagnosed by punch skin-biopsy.
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Rate and Predictors of Futile Hospital Transfers for Acute Stroke Endovascular Therapy
A large number of futile transfers take place for consideration of endovascular therapy, and better selection criteria need to be developed.
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Circadian Rhythms Predict Small Vessel Ischemic Disease
The presence of white matter infarcts and cerebral microbleeds is associated with disruption of sleep but not total sleep time.
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Pattern of Atrial Fibrillation Is Associated with Outcomes After Stroke
In a Japanese stroke registry, permanent as opposed to paroxysmal atrial fibrillation was associated with higher in-hospital mortality after stroke.
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Blood Pressure Lowering After Acute Stroke: Can It Kill You?
Patients with chronically elevated blood pressure are at increased risk of all-cause and cardiovascular death, with a particularly increased risk of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Treatment to lower systolic BP decreases stroke risk, without an apparent lower threshold down to 120 mmHg. However, lowered SBP (≤ 120 mmHg) in the 5 years after a stroke may be associated with increased mortality. Lower SBP over a shorter period of time after a stroke in chronically hypertensive patients could potentially increase mortality as well.
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Incidental Cerebral Microbleeds and Cerebral Blood Flow in Elderly Individuals
Cerebral microbleeds in non-demented elderly people are associated with a global reduction in cerebral blood flow and a high prevalence of beta-amyloid deposition in the brain.