Infectious Disease
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Meningococcal Conjunctivitis in Military Trainees
Forty-one cases of conjunctivitis due to Neisseria meningitidis occurred in vaccinated military trainees over several months at a Texas facility. Topical treatment alone was successful, and no cases developed invasive infection due to this unencapsulated strain.
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Computerized Order Entry Reduces Antibiotic Use in Low-Risk Patients Hospitalized with SSTIs
A cluster randomized clinical trial assessed the effect of an antibiotic stewardship bundle that included computerized provider order entry (CPOE) prompts vs. routine stewardship on antibiotic selection during the first three hospital days in noncritically ill adults hospitalized with skin and soft tissue infections. CPOE prompts significantly reduced use of extended-spectrum antibiotics without increasing admissions to intensive care units or hospital length of stay.
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Preventing SARS-CoV-2 Infection with an Allergy Nasal Spray
Use of the antihistamine azelastine nasal spray was effective in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection in young, healthy, vaccinated outpatients.
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Epstein-Barr Virus and Pediatric Sepsis
A recent study of 320 children with sepsis suggests that previous Epstein-Barr virus infection is causally associated with immune dysregulation and fatal outcomes.
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Routine Boosting Against Tetanus and Diphtheria in Adults: A Time to Reconsider
Slifka and colleagues make a strong argument against the routine booster vaccination of adults against tetanus and diphtheria as recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
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Fidaxomicin Is More Clinically Effective than Vancomycin for C. difficile Infection
There is a lack of real-world data on using fidaxomicin for Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). A retrospective, single-center study found that treatment of CDI with fidaxomicin leads to reduced clinical failure compared to oral vancomycin.
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Infectious Disease Updates
Eradication of Polio Around the World; Candida auris in Dialysis Facilities: How Great Is the Risk?
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Community-Acquired Pneumonia Guidelines: Updates and Disputes
An update of elements of community-acquired pneumonia guidelines have been published. Of note is that these were not endorsed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America because of disagreement over recommendations for empiric antibiotic administration to some patient subsets with positive tests for respiratory viral infection.
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Aluminum-Adsorbed Vaccines and Chronic Diseases in Children
A large Danish cohort study of 1.2 million children found no association between cumulative aluminum exposure from childhood vaccines and increased risk for autoimmune, atopic/allergic, or neurodevelopmental disorders, adding to nearly a century of safety data for aluminum adjuvants, although the study’s findings have been the subject of public debate about interpretation of secondary analyses.
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Routine Boosting Against Tetanus and Diphtheria in Adults: A Time to Reconsider
Slifka and colleagues make a strong argument against the routine booster vaccination of adults against tetanus and diphtheria as recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.