Infectious Disease
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Chikungunya in New York
On Aug. 21, 2025, a 60-year-old woman living in Nassau County on Long Island became ill with symptoms that were marked by severe joint pain involving her feet, ankles, knees, wrists, hands, and shoulders.
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Enterococcal Infections: Getting More Difficult to Treat
Increasing resistance among enterococci dictates the need for careful antibiotic choices, even in the absence of high-quality clinical data.
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The Expanding Venues of Histoplasmosis and Blastomycosis in the United States
The occurrence of new cases of both histoplasmosis and blastomycosis is increasing in the United States, including in areas not generally considered endemic.
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Recombinant Herpes Zoster Vaccine in a Medicare Population
Receipt of adjuvanted recombinant herpes zoster vaccine was effective in individuals older than 64 years of age and maintained its efficacy in immunocompromised individuals. Added benefit accrued from receipt of the second vaccine dose, even if its administration was delayed.
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Absence of Pleocytosis in Cerebrospinal Fluid Does Not Rule Out Encephalitis
A retrospective study that included 597 adults with encephalitis found 25.3% did not have pleocytosis in their cerebrospinal fluid, and 23.7% of those with HSV-1 encephalitis lacked pleocytosis on the initial lumbar puncture.
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COVID-19 Rebound: To Retreat or to Re-Treat
Re-treatment of non-immunocompromised patients with mild-moderate COVID-19 rebound with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir provided no significant benefit.
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Current Recommendations for Childhood Respiratory Vaccines
Amidst prevalent vaccine hesitancy, changing governmental advisory groups, and altered recommendations, COVID immunization still is recommended for all children aged 6 through 23 months and for older children with medical risk factors.
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Pertussis: Concerning News from Mexico, Brazil, and China
Related to under-immunization of pregnant women and children, pertussis is spreading in several countries within the Americas. Macrolide resistance of Bordetella pertussis is now common in China.
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Preventing SARS-CoV-2 Infection with an Allergy Nasal Spray
Use of the antihistamine azelastine nasal spray was effective in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection in young, healthy, vaccinated outpatients.
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The Health and Economic Burden of Long COVID in the United States
Researchers using a computational simulation model found that the current health and economic burden of long COVID already exceeds the cost of several chronic diseases and will continue to grow as COVID-19 cases increase.