Neurology
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Inclusion Body Myositis: Variability and Clinical Subsets
Inclusion body myositis (IBM) is a progressive myopathy characterized by prominent finger flexor and quadriceps involvement. Black patients with IBM have more prominent proximal weakness, in addition to finger flexion and quadriceps weakness. Female patients have less prominent finger flexion and quadriceps weakness and slower progression, whereas younger patients had a greater delay in diagnosis. There are variability and distinct clinical subsets among IBM patients, which can have implications in terms of timely diagnosis and possibly response to treatments.
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The Neural Pathways of Pain Treatment Response in Small-Fiber Neuropathy
Pain in peripheral neuropathy, referred to as neuropathic pain, is thought to result from overexpression of pain receptors, regeneration of hypersensitive nerve sprouts, and denervation hypersensitivity of neurons in the sensory ganglia. Additionally, activation of the pain pathways appears to induce secondary structural and functional changes in the brain that contribute to pain perception, persistence, and response.
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Focused Ultrasound Ablation of the Subthalamic Nucleus for Parkinson’s Disease Tremor
This paper demonstrated the long-term efficacy and safety of unilateral magnetic resonance imaging-guided high-frequency ultrasound subthalamotomy for Parkinson’s disease patients with motor fluctuations and dyskinesia three years after the procedure.
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Role of the Hypothalamus in Migraine and Cluster Headaches
The hypothalamus plays a regulatory role in both migraine and cluster headaches. However, the two headache types have distinctive clinical features, characteristic areas of resting state functional connectivity on magnetic resonance imaging, and different genetic chronobiological associations.
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Emergency Department Evaluation of Vertigo and Dizziness
Vertigo can be a complicated complaint for emergency medicine physicians to manage. The differential for this is broad, ranging from benign processes, such as BPPV, to more devastating causes, such as posterior strokes.
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Poor Sleep Patterns Could Raise Stroke Risk
Researchers provide another reason why patients should be resting well every night.
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Zavegepant Nasal Spray (Zavzpret)
Zavegepant can be prescribed to treat migraine, with or without aura, in adults.
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Multivitamin-Mineral Supplementation vs. Cocoa Extract for Cognition
Researchers followed participants for three years and determined daily cocoa supplement use was not associated with cognitive enhancement in older adults, whereas a multivitamin supplement was associated with significant cognitive benefits.
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Influence of Vitamin Intake on Migraine Prevalence
Among participants experiencing severe headaches or migraine, those with severe headaches also reported a lower intake of thiamine and riboflavin, based on 24-hour recall of food intake.
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Insulin Resistance at the Blood-Brain Barrier in Alzheimer’s Disease
Alterations in cerebrovascular insulin receptor isoform levels were associated with Alzheimer’s disease pathology and caused deficits in insulin signaling at the level of the blood-brain barrier.