Neurology
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Can Medical Therapy Improve Functional Mitral Regurgitation?
Among patients who presented with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and severe functional mitral regurgitation, mitral regurgitation improved in 38% of patients with medical management. Improvement in mitral regurgitation was associated with increased survival.
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Neurologic Complications of Checkpoint Inhibitors
Anti-programmed death 1 antibodies (checkpoint inhibitors) have become a mainstay in the treatment of many types of cancers, and now are known to cause frequent neuromuscular adverse effects that can cause severe disability or death if not recognized or treated promptly.
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Systemic Immune Activation and the Course of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Activation of the immune system has been recognized in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and immune activation may influence the course of the disease and the speed of progression.
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Optimizing Brain Oxygen in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
In a Phase II, single-blind, randomized, multicenter trial, the use of intraparenchymal brain tissue oxygenation monitoring reduced brain tissue hypoxia in patients with severe traumatic brain injury.
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MRI-guided FUS Thalamotomy for Medically Refractory Parkinson’s Tremor
This study comparing 20 individuals who received MRI-guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy with seven individuals who received sham treatment showed improvements in Parkinson’s disease tremor. Side effects were similar to prior studies of this technology for essential tremor, with ataxia and limb/orofacial paresthesias being most common.
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Neurologic Consequences of Zika Virus Infection
Neurologic sequelae of Zika virus infections include Guillain-Barré syndrome, encephalitis, transverse myelitis, and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy.
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Treatment for Spinal Muscular Atrophy
In a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled study of infants with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) type 1, nusinersen treatment led to significant improvement in motor milestones and survival without significant adverse reactions. A safety trial of gene therapy for SMA type 1 demonstrated prolonged ventilator-free survival and improved motor milestones with minimal side effects.
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Do Antibiotics Reduce Hormonal Contraceptive Effectiveness?
This is a systematic review of studies evaluating the effect of concomitant non-rifamycin antibiotics use on hormonal contraceptive effectiveness. Although data are limited, there is no evidence to support the existence of drug interactions.
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Patent Foramen Ovale Intervention Rises to Occasion in Cryptogenic Stroke
After years of uncertainty, three large randomized trials have shown a benefit to patent foramen ovale closure in reducing recurrence after cryptogenic stroke in the right patients.
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In-hospital vs. Telephone Availability of an Intensivist at Night
When overnight shifts were staffed by nighttime intensivists rather than residents with attending intensivists on call remotely, most nurses perceived improvements in clinical care, procedures, efficiency, communication, and job place comfort.