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Rituximab for the Treatment of MOG and AQP4 Antibody Diseases

Based on an observational prospective study of 16 patients with anti-myelin oligodendrocyte protein (MOG) disease and 29 anti-aquaporin-4 disease, the authors report lesser efficacy of rituximab in anti-MOG patients, characterized by higher occurrence of relapses in the anti-MOG group, even while the biological effect of rituximab on memory B-cell suppression was sustained.

Neurofilament Light Correlates With Postoperative Delirium Severity

Measurement of postoperative plasma neurofilament light protein (NfL) in plasma appears to have a dose-dependent correlation with delirium severity, independent of inflammation. This observation provides evidence of neuronal injury from delirium.

Therapeutic Hypothermia in Coma After Cardiac Arrest With Nonshockable Rhythm

Therapeutic hypothermia is beneficial and increases the probability of brain recovery in patients with coma due to cardiac arrest with a nonshockable heart rhythm.

Immune Cell Infiltration Drives Cerebral Edema in Glioblastoma

Accumulating evidence suggests that immune dysregulation by glioblastoma cells induces tumor-associated edema and that disruption of this tumor-immune interaction may represent a novel strategy to reduce cerebral edema in glioblastoma.

Lifetime Risk and Heritability of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

In this prospective, population-based study, mean lifetime heritability of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis was 52% in the entire cohort and 37% in patients devoid of any known pathogenic mutations. The highest heritability was seen in mother-daughter parings in both groups.

Spontaneous Anterior Interosseous Nerve Syndrome

Anterior interosseous nerve syndrome is part of the median neuropathy spectrum and often has been attributed to compression near the elbow. Modern magnetic resonance neurography and ultrasound studies have ruled-out compression in most cases.

Diagnostic Criteria for Small Fiber Neuropathy

Multiple clinical tools have emerged to assess small fiber nerve dysfunction, but validated diagnostic criteria are needed to optimize diagnostic sensitivity, support clinical management, and facilitate patient selection for clinical trials.

Does a Repeat Course of IVIg Help in Severe Guillain-Barré Syndrome?

In an open-label, non-randomized clinical trial using a second course of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) to treat patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome, no benefit was observed. A single course of 2 g/kg of IVIg should be administered. No additional treatment is helpful.

Stereotactic Radiosurgery for the Treatment of Cerebral Cavernous Malformations

In this comprehensive review of studies comparing treatments for cerebral cavernous malformations, there were no randomized or blinded outcome trials, and the most effective treatment remains uncertain.

Submentalis REM Sleep Muscle Activity: A Potential Biomarker for Synucleinopathy

Objective findings during polysomnography (REM sleep without atonia), as diagnosed with submentalis EMG recordings, may be a biomarker for synucleinopathies, such as Parkinson’s disease and multiple system atrophy.