Infectious Disease
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Colistin vs. Polymyxin B
Based on their kinetics and toxicity profiles, polymyxin B may be the preferred agent for treatment of systemic infections, while colistin is preferred for infections limited to the urinary tract.
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Severe Infection Due to Human Adenovirus B7
Oregon health authorities identified 198 patients from October 2013 until July 2014 with respiratory symptoms and a human adenovirus (HAdV)-positive respiratory specimen. Of the 136 patients (69%) who were hospitalized, 31% were admitted to ICU, 18% required mechanical ventilation, and five patients died. Patients with HAdV-B7 were more likely to be adults and to have longer hospital stays.
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Refining the Evaluation and Management of Neonatal Herpes Infection
Neonatal herpes infection usually presents with seizure, vesicular rash, or critical illness. The subset of infected patients without those signs were younger than two weeks of age and/or had cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis.
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The Zoster Vaccine Rapidly Loses Effectiveness in Adults Over 60
An observational study from Kaiser Permanente Southern California showed that while the shingles vaccine reduces the risk of herpes zoster, there is a major decline in effectiveness over just eight years in older adults.
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It Was Inevitable: mcr-1 in the United States
Plasmid-mediated resistance to colistin has been detected in the United States for the first time, raising concern about its potential for rapid dissemination.
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Clinical Briefs
In this section: Might a pharmacologic agent that improves insulin resistance be effective in secondary prevention of CV events?; subclinical thyroid disease status associated with mortality in elders; and is there an infectious disease that causes pathological aggression?
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Buprenorphine Implant for Subdermal Administration (Probuphine)
The FDA has approved the first buprenorphine implant for the treatment of opioid dependence.
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Optimal Antiplatelet Therapy for Secondary Prevention of Ischemic Stroke
Patients presenting with acute ischemic stroke often take aspirin on a regular basis for prevention of cardiovascular disease. The optimal antiplatelet therapy for secondary prevention has been uncertain in this setting.
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Prognostic Value of Coronary Calcium on Standard Chest CT Scans
Coronary calcium scan on standard CT scans performed for other indications is of equivalent prognostic value to that seen on ECG-gated coronary studies and should be included in radiology test reports.
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Does Dysbiosis Cause Multiple Sclerosis?
Increasing evidence suggests that dysbiosis, a disorder in the gut microbiome, leads to autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis.