Infectious Disease General
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Preventing SARS-CoV-2 Infection with an Allergy Nasal Spray
Use of the antihistamine azelastine nasal spray was effective in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection in young, healthy, vaccinated outpatients.
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Epstein-Barr Virus and Pediatric Sepsis
A recent study of 320 children with sepsis suggests that previous Epstein-Barr virus infection is causally associated with immune dysregulation and fatal outcomes.
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Infectious Disease Updates
Eradication of Polio Around the World; Candida auris in Dialysis Facilities: How Great Is the Risk?
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Community-Acquired Pneumonia Guidelines: Updates and Disputes
An update of elements of community-acquired pneumonia guidelines have been published. Of note is that these were not endorsed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America because of disagreement over recommendations for empiric antibiotic administration to some patient subsets with positive tests for respiratory viral infection.
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Aluminum-Adsorbed Vaccines and Chronic Diseases in Children
A large Danish cohort study of 1.2 million children found no association between cumulative aluminum exposure from childhood vaccines and increased risk for autoimmune, atopic/allergic, or neurodevelopmental disorders, adding to nearly a century of safety data for aluminum adjuvants, although the study’s findings have been the subject of public debate about interpretation of secondary analyses.
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The Health and Economic Burden of Long COVID in the United States
Researchers using a computational simulation model found that the current health and economic burden of long COVID already exceeds the cost of several chronic diseases and will continue to grow as COVID-19 cases increase.
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Influenza and Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy in Children
Of 41 U.S. pediatric patients with influenza-associated acute necrotizing encephalitis, 56% were female, the median age was 5 years, and 12% had underlying complex medical conditions. Influenza A accounted for 95% of cases. Despite the use of a variety of immunomodulating agents, 27% of these children died, and 63% of the survivors were left with at least moderate disability.
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Infectious Disease Updates
Do Gowns Help Prevent Transmission of Respiratory Viruses? How to Assess the ‘Wobble’ in Your IGRA?
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Fecal Microbiota Transplant as First-Line Therapy for Primary C. difficile Infection
In a randomized controlled trial conducted in Norway, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was noninferior to vancomycin for the treatment of primary Clostridioides difficile infection, with 66.7% of patients in the FMT group achieving clinical cure without recurrence compared to 61.2% in the vancomycin group over 60 days of follow-up.
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In Vitro Activity of Newer Antibiotics Against CREs in the United States
The activity of newer beta-lactam/beta-lactamase combination antibiotics depends on the specific type of carbapenemase carried by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales.