Infectious Disease Alert
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Contact Isolation Is Not Better than Standard Precautions for Decreasing Acquisition of ESBL-Producing Enterobacterales
In a multicenter, cluster-randomized crossover trial, researchers compared standard precautions vs. contact isolation for preventing acquisition of ESBL-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E) in non-intensive care unit settings. Contact isolation did not decrease the number of hospital-acquired ESBL-E cases, which questions the value of the practice.
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Monotherapy of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Bacteremia — Which β-Lactam Antibiotic Is Best?
No significant difference in the mortality of patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia was seen regardless of treatment with a carbapenem, ceftazidime, or piperacillin-tazobactam. However, the emergence of resistance occurred significantly more frequently in those treated with a carbapenem — largely related to imipenem use.
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Macrolides During Pregnancy — Behind the Headlines
Despite published concerns, there is no good evidence that macrolide use during pregnancy causes birth defects.
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Remdesivir and COVID-19
Remdesivir is safe and moderately effective in the treatment of patients with COVID-19.
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Infectious Disease Alert Updates
Complications of Typhoid Fever; Do I Smell a Rat? Or Is the Rat Smelling Me? Cloth Masks — Just for Looks?
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Lefamulin: Formulary Considerations
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently approved lefamulin for the treatment of adults with community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP).
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Antibiotic Therapy to Reduce the Incidence of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia After Cardiac Arrest
In this prospective, randomized trial, intravenous amoxicillin-clavulanate (dosed three times daily and given for two days) administered to patients admitted with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest due to a shockable rhythm reduced the incidence of early ventilator-associated pneumonia.
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Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) in the USA — A Molecular and Clinical Analysis
Patient mortality rates were high among patients from whom carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) were cultured, regardless of whether the organism was causing infection or was a only a colonizer. In addition, mortality was similar regardless of whether a carbapenemase gene was present. Finally, not all “CRE” were truly CRE.
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Clostridioides difficile: Risk Factors for Disease
Approximately one-tenth of asymptomatic patients with Clostridioides difficile colonization went on to develop disease. A wide range of antibiotic exposures represent a significant risk.
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Inappropriately Broad Empiric Antibiotics Are Associated with Higher Mortality in Community-Onset Sepsis
A retrospective cohort study found that broad-spectrum antibiotics were unnecessarily prescribed to patients with community-onset sepsis and was associated with worse outcomes and higher mortality.