Emergency Medicine - Adult and Pediatric
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Spinal Cord Compression
Diagnosis and management of acute spinal cord compression can be a challenge for the emergency physician. The clinical presentation can range from intermittent, subtle symptoms to acute loss of motor and/or sensory function. Prompt diagnosis and definitive intervention are crucial to preventing long-term neurologic deficit.
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Pediatric Procedural Sedation
Every acute care clinician needs to know and be familiar with the process of procedural sedation, medication selections, options, and contraindication for different procedures. The authors comprehensively review procedural sedation, emphasizing evidence-based choices.
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Stroke in Young Adults
Although stroke once was considered primarily a disease of older adults, recent epidemiological data underscore a rising incidence in younger populations worldwide. This article will define the scope of young adult stroke, discuss its epidemiology and pathophysiology, highlight the wide etiological spectrum, delve into clinical diagnostic steps, offer a practical framework for management, and conclude with a summary that emphasizes the persistent practice gap.
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Evaluation and Management of Elbow Injuries in the Emergency Department
Elbow injuries continue to be a very common complaint that presents to the emergency department. These injuries involve a complex joint that includes many important structures, with injuries that vary greatly. It is important that emergency medicine clinicians remain prepared to evaluate, diagnose, and treat these various elbow injuries.
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Airway Management in Trauma
Rapid assessment and management of the airway in trauma patients is critical, and timely, decisive, and skillful intervention often can make the difference between life and death. Every emergency medicine physician must have an escalating stepwise approach to securing even the most difficult airway. The authors comprehensively review the initial airway assessment, basic and advanced methods and techniques for establishing a definitive airway through endotracheal intubation and surgical airways, airway adjuncts, medications selection, and strategies to address specific factors that complicate airway management in trauma.
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Managing Pediatric Bone Infections
Pediatric osteoarticular infections may be subtle in their presentation, and clinicians must have a high degree of suspicion to make a timely diagnosis and institute appropriate therapy. The authors provide the essential information clinicians require to understand the presentation, diagnostic evaluation, and management of bone and joint infections in this population.
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Drugs and Toxins that Produce Delayed Toxicities
Drug overdose is a common chief complaint in the emergency department. Overdose of certain medications or ingestions of toxins should prompt the emergency physician to carefully deliberate on the appropriate next steps and disposition. Furthermore, delayed toxicity may be under-recognized, and delayed management can lead to life-threatening complications, such as arrhythmias and seizures. Managing the poisoned patient can be challenging because clinical effects often are difficult to predict in circumstances that produce toxicity.
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Mechanical Thrombectomy for Stroke
Stroke remains a global health crisis, affecting up to one in five individuals in high-income countries and nearly one in two individuals in low-income regions, making it the second leading cause of death worldwide. Advances in endovascular thrombectomy, including mechanical thrombectomy (MT), have revolutionized the management of acute ischemic stroke, offering significant reductions in patient disability and mortality rates.
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Preventing, Identifying, and Managing Pediatric Malaria
Malaria has infested every continent except Antarctica and is ranked as the third-leading cause of death for children 1 month to 5 years of age globally. Acute care providers need to be able to identify and manage a child with malaria.
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Pediatric Pain Control
The fast-paced environment of the emergency department, unfamiliar faces, and noisy surroundings can create challenges when taking care of a child in pain, especially a child who has experienced a traumatic event. Management of pain in pediatric patients requires special considerations because of the unique physiological and psychological needs of children.