Bacterial Infections
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Pertussis: Concerning News from Mexico, Brazil, and China
Related to under-immunization of pregnant women and children, pertussis is spreading in several countries within the Americas. Macrolide resistance of Bordetella pertussis is now common in China.
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Community-Acquired Pneumonia Guidelines: Updates and Disputes
An update of elements of community-acquired pneumonia guidelines has been published. Of note is that these were not endorsed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America because of disagreement over recommendations for empiric antibiotic administration to some patient subsets with positive tests for respiratory viral infection.
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Fever in the Child Returning from Global Travel
Every year, a significant number of families travel internationally with children, who then have a high rate of febrile illness after returning home. While most travel-acquired infections are self-limited and mild, some diseases may rapidly become fatal, and early recognition and aggressive management can maximize the child’s outcome. This review presents a focused clinical approach to caring for a child returning from international travel with a fever.
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Meningococcal Conjunctivitis in Military Trainees
Forty-one cases of conjunctivitis due to Neisseria meningitidis occurred in vaccinated military trainees over several months at a Texas facility. Topical treatment alone was successful, and no cases developed invasive infection due to this unencapsulated strain.
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Routine Boosting Against Tetanus and Diphtheria in Adults: A Time to Reconsider
Slifka and colleagues make a strong argument against the routine booster vaccination of adults against tetanus and diphtheria as recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
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Fidaxomicin Is More Clinically Effective than Vancomycin for C. difficile Infection
There is a lack of real-world data on using fidaxomicin for Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). A retrospective, single-center study found that treatment of CDI with fidaxomicin leads to reduced clinical failure compared to oral vancomycin.
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Community-Acquired Pneumonia Guidelines: Updates and Disputes
An update of elements of community-acquired pneumonia guidelines have been published. Of note is that these were not endorsed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America because of disagreement over recommendations for empiric antibiotic administration to some patient subsets with positive tests for respiratory viral infection.
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Examining Fecal Microbiota Transplant for Primary C. difficile Infection
In a randomized controlled trial conducted in Norway, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was noninferior to vancomycin for the treatment of primary Clostridioides difficile infection, with 66.7% of patients in the FMT group achieving clinical cure without recurrence compared to 61.2% in the vancomycin group over 60 days of follow-up.
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Updated Recommendations for Drug-Susceptible and Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis
The authors provide an update of recommendations for the treatment of tuberculosis, including cases with drug resistance. The recommendations include the use of newer drugs that have undergone clinical trials and shorter durations of therapy.
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Why Does Colonization Become Active C. difficile?
These authors performed a nested case-control study to identify risk factors for the progression from Clostridioides difficile colonization to active infection in hospitalized persons.