Articles Tagged With: cognitive
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Clinicians Fail to Address Risks of Medical Interventions for Patients with Dementia
Clinicians often overlook dementia-specific risks when recommending interventions, leading to uninformed consent and decisional regret among caregivers. Supported and shared decision-making frameworks can promote autonomy, respect, and ethical care tailored to patients’ cognitive capacity and evolving goals.
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TIA Is Associated with Accelerated Cognitive Decline
The study investigators looked at data from a prospective study of 30,239 Black and white community-dwelling persons aged 45 years or older with cognitive evaluations over the phone every other year until 2022. The researchers documented patients who had transient ischemic attack (TIA) or stroke, and demonstrated that persons who had TIA had a cognitive decline trajectory similar to those patients who had a definite diagnosis of stroke.
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Anchoring Alzheimer’s Disease Along an Amyloid Timeline
In 601 individuals from Wisconsin-based cohorts with amyloid-beta and tau positron emission tomography scans, the magnitude and topographical spread of tau pathology increased with longer duration of amyloid-beta positivity, and the cognitive decline was steepest in those with the longest duration of amyloid-beta positivity and elevated entorhinal tau.
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Timing of Biomarker Changes in Alzheimer’s Disease
In a longitudinal multicenter, nested case-control study of cognitive normal participants from China, the time courses of key Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers were identified during the 20 years preceding clinical diagnosis of sporadic Alzheimer’s disease.
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Cholinergic Basal Forebrain Involvement in Posture, Gait, and Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson’s Disease
The features of gait difficulty, postural instability, and cognitive deficits in patients with Parkinson’s disease appear to be attributable to degeneration of cholinergic basal forebrain systems, including loss of fiber tract integrity and reduction of cortical projections.
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Is Brain Impairment Following COVID-19 Hospitalization Worse Than for Other Severe Illnesses?
The authors of this prospective cohort study with matched controls found that long-term brain health following severe COVID-19 hospitalization was impaired but was similar to hospitalization from other severe diseases.
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Brain Atrophy and Type 1 Diabetes
In a long-term longitudinal study of people with type 1 diabetes, excessive brain atrophy and cognitive dysfunction were noted compared to healthy controls. The investigators calculated that type 1 diabetes resulted in six years of accelerated brain aging and brain atrophy that was separate and distinct from Alzheimer’s disease.
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Magnetic Brain Stimulation for Alzheimer’s Disease
Transcranial magnetic stimulation, targeted at the precuneus in an effort to maintain a normal default mode network, shows some promise in slowing cognitive decline and maintaining normal electrophysiology in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease.
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Neurodegeneration Biomarkers in Patients with Subjective Cognitive Complaints
In individuals with subjective cognitive decline, multiple biomarkers of neurodegeneration were found to add predictive values beyond amyloid and tau biomarkers; however, the various neurodegeneration biomarkers were not equivalent and should not be used interchangeably.
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Cognitive Outcomes After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBIs) may lead to adverse cognitive and neuropsychiatric outcomes. The pathways that lead to adverse cognitive outcomes remain to be scientifically elucidated. A prospective cohort study of 656 participants enrolled in the Transforming Research and Clinical Knowledge in TBI (TRACK-TBI) study found that at one year, 13.5% of participants with mTBI had poor cognitive outcome compared to 4.5% of controls, highlighting the need for better understanding of the mechanisms leading to poor cognitive and functional outcomes after mTBIs and interventions to optimize cognitive recovery.