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Although Japanese encephalitis rarely occurs in travelers, certain groups and subsets of individuals have a risk of infection that can reach 1 in 5000 travelers per week. It is crucial to recognize those with increased risk, and to seriously consider immunizing them in order to prevent the potentially devastating sequelae of Japanese encephalitis.
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Careful evaluation of epidemiologic data from recent African outbreaks of meningococcal disease suggests that significant risks now extend beyond the sub-Saharan belt through the Rift Valley and Great Lakes regions into Mozambique, then into Namibia and Angola.
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Polio-Like Paralysis: What Next from West Nile Virus?; Cat Scratch Disease: Not Just for Kids
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The bacterium Bacillus anthracis causes the death of macrophages, which may allow it to avoid detection by the innate immune system.
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The first stage of smallpox vaccination has begun, even before the doses are released or a final plan formulated. Across the country, hospitals are educating health care workers about smallpox and the vaccinia vaccine.
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Health care workers with HIV or a history of atopic dermatitis are at real risk of serious complications if they receive smallpox vaccine. But can they be safely screened out if as appears imminent 500,000 hospital workers are offered smallpox immunization?
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The Centers for Disease Control and Preventions Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices cites these contraindications for receipt of smallpox vaccine.
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Hospitals will have considerable leeway to make their own decisions about who and how many health care workers will be immunized for smallpox if the government moves ahead as expected and offers the vaccine to medical personnel.
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Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is a common reason for referral to infectious disease specialists. For the past few decades the standard therapy in the United States has been isoniazid for 9 months.
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A 52-year-old woman with no significant past medical history presented to Stanford Hospital in July, 2014, with fever and progressive weakness. She had been in her usual state of health until the day prior to admission, when she began to feel fatigued with subjective fevers and “restless legs.”
