- 
          
          
            A descriptive study enrolled children 2-18 years of age presenting to a pediatric emergency department in Rhode Island during the months of April through December of 2006-2009. Children were enrolled who had pleocytosis, defined as white blood cell count of > 8/mm3 in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), in the absence erythema migrans rash, cranial neuropathy, papilledema, a positive Gram stain, antibiotic use within 2 weeks, chronic
          
          
         
              - 
          
          
            In this issue: New recommendations for HPV vaccine; guidelines for treatment of essential tremor; updates on smoking cessation drugs; and FDA actions.
          
          
         
              - 
          
          
            A revision to the Jan. 10, 2011, Guidelines for the Use of Antiretroviral Agents in HIV-1-Infected Adults and Adolescents was published on Oct. 14, 2011.
          
          
         
              - 
          
          
            
          
          
         
              - 
          
          
            The association between S. bovis group infection (particularly endocarditis) and concurrent colorectal neoplasia has been known for some time.
          
          
         
              - 
          
          
            Greek health authorities recently published findings of 36 cases of Plasmodium vivax malaria in Greece occurring between May 2011 and September 2011.
          
          
         
              - 
          
          
            This report details the occurrence of an infected, cellulitic lower extremity wound infection in a 70-year-old British woman secondary to an unusual Vibrio species, V. alginolyticus.
          
          
         
              - 
          
          
            A total of 32 infants younger than age 3 months with pertussis hospitalized at a large childrens hospital in Southern California were compared to 92 control patients hospitalized with RSV or influenza virus infections.
          
          
         
              - 
          
          
            Cleaning patient's rooms may not seem like the most important job in the hospital. But environmental service workers save lives in their own way by preventing the spread of infections. A new spotlight on their role may boost the resources, communication and training focused on this group of workers.
          
          
         
              - 
          
          
            An unannounced inspector from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) walks into the hospital and summons the infection preventionist. Looking down at a clipboard, he asks: "What were the last two hospital acquired infections that were serious preventable adverse events in the hospital, [meaning they caused] patient harm or death following development of the infection? What was done about each?"