Infectious Disease General
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Duration of Antibiotic Therapy for Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales Bacteremia
This multicenter, observational study provides the first focused comparison of short vs. prolonged antibiotic courses for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales bloodstream infections, suggesting that short courses (eight to 10 days) have similar outcomes to prolonged courses.
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Proton Pump Inhibitors: Too Much of a Good Thing?
Proton pump inhibitor use in infants is associated with a 34% increase in the risk of subsequent infection-related hospitalization. These medications should be used only when the benefits clearly outweigh the risks.
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Fatal Flea-Borne Typhus in California
Three fatal cases of flea-borne typhus, which is endemic in Southern California as well as in Texas and Hawaii, occurred in Los Angeles County in 2022 — the first such fatalities in two decades.
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Increasing Reports of Severe Group A Streptococcal Infection
Around the world, rates of severe illness due to group A Streptococcus are increasing. Possible explanations for the increase include immunity-altering, post-pandemic changes in exposure to respiratory pathogens, as well as the emergence of new pathogenic M strains of Streptococcus.
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Oral Antibiotics in Endocarditis: Hitting the Target
Pharmacodynamic/pharmacokinetic analysis of patients in the POET study provides understanding of the efficacy of intravenous-to-oral stepdown antibiotic therapy in patients with endocarditis.
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Oral Penicillin Challenge Found to Be Noninferior to Skin Testing Followed by Oral Challenge in Low-Risk Patients with Reported Penicillin Allergy
A multicenter, randomized clinical trial that compared direct oral penicillin challenge in low-risk patients to skin testing followed by oral challenge found no significant differences. Direct oral penicillin challenge appears to be a safe and effective way to delabel a penicillin allergy.
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Malaria Vaccination: Dangerous, Dubious, or Ready for Prime Time?
Malaria vaccination with the RTS,S/AS01 vaccine is safe and effective. Implementation of the four-dose vaccination regimen for young children in areas of moderate- and high-intensity malaria transmission is in progress — with the expectation that hundreds of thousands of lives could be saved each year.
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Infectious Disease Alert Updates
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Endocarditis; Daptomycin-Associated Eosinophilic Pneumonia: The Lyon Algorithm
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Leprosy Cases with Possible Acquisition in the United States
Six patients in California were found to have leprosy in the absence of a known exposure.
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A Comparison of Sequelae After Hospitalization with COVID-19, Influenza, or Sepsis
The incidence of most selected new-onset medical conditions did not significantly differ among those who had been hospitalized with COVID-19, influenza, or sepsis.