Infectious Disease Alert
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Root Causes of Hepatitis A Outbreak in California
During 2017, a large outbreak of hepatitis A was identified in California. The majority of patients were homeless. Addressing the problem of homelessness should be a priority for our country.
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REPROVE: Ceftazidime-avibactam vs. Meropenem in Hospital-acquired Pneumonia
Ceftazidime-avibactam therapy was non-inferior to meropenem treatment in a double-blind, randomized trial that included patients with nosocomial pneumonia, including those with ventilator-associated pneumonia.
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Updated Recommendations for Prevention of Hepatitis B Virus Infection
New recommendations for prevention of hepatitis B virus infection focus on testing and management of newborns.
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Pneumococcus, Sickle Cell Disease, Vaccination, and Penicillin
Even in the era of newborn screening, pneumococcal vaccination, and penicillin prophylaxis, children with sickle cell disease continue to be at risk of morbidity and mortality from invasive pneumococcal disease, mostly from non-vaccine serotypes.
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Letermovir Prophylaxis Is Effective in Preventing Cytomegalovirus Infection After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
A Phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled superiority trial that included patients 18 years of age or older undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation found that prophylaxis with letermovir resulted in significantly lower risk for cytomegalovirus infection in the first 24 weeks than placebo. Safety and adverse events were similar between letermovir and placebo.
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Adverse Reactions to Antibiotics in Patients Receiving Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy
Approximately one-fifth of outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy recipients developed a clinically significant antimicrobial-related adverse drug event.
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Infectious Disease Alert Updates
The Origins of Smallpox Vaccine Virus; No More Fun Helping Mommy Bake; Annual Influenza Vaccination of Physicians
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Zoster Vaccine Recombinant Adjuvanted (Shingrix)
The FDA has approved a second zoster vaccine for the prevention of shingles in adults.
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Prevention of Clostridium difficile Recurrence by Orally Administered Fecal Microbiota Transplantation
Fecal microbiota transplantation orally administered in capsules was non-inferior to administration by colonoscopy.
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Unexpected Benefit of Pneumococcal Vaccine in Decreasing the Burden of Otitis Media
Surveillance data collected prospectively in Israel reveal a decline in progression from pneumococcal carriage to complex otitis media in both vaccine-targeted and non-vaccine serotypes following implementation of routine use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. Vaccinating against pneumococcal serotypes causing early-life infections may reduce the risk of subsequently developing complex otitis media due to other organisms.