Clinical
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Oxytocin Discontinuation
A recent meta-analysis of randomized, clinical trials has shown that discontinuing oxytocin infusion once active labor has been attained in inductions and augmentations of labor will result in a reduction of cesarean delivery and tachysystole, but an increase in the length of labor.
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Which Antibiotics Are Safe in the First Trimester of Pregnancy?
A total of 7.2% of pregnant women were diagnosed with a urinary tract infection, and of these, 69% filled an antibiotic prescription. The most common antibiotics prescribed in the first trimester were nitrofurantoin, ciprofloxacin, cephalexin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.
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Fetal Fibronectin: Its Role in Threatened Preterm Labor
A recent letter to the editor disputes the conclusion of an earlier study that fetal fibronectin is of little value in threatened preterm labor, despite other studies suggesting that when used in conjunction with cervical length measurements, it can diminish unnecessary hospitalizations appreciably.
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FDA Actions
In this section: The agency tackles loperamide abuse, approves new breast cancer treatment, updates guidance on opioid cough and cold medications, promotes new opportunities to battle the opioid epidemic, and issues new indication for an irritable bowel drug.
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Oral Medications for Toenail Fungus
Researchers compared terbinafine to placebo and other oral antifungals, including the azole antifungals (ketoconazole, itraconazole, and fluconazole) and Griseofulvin.
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Fish Oil for Heart Patients?
The authors of a recent meta-analysis concluded that omega-3 fatty acids produced no effects on fatal or nonfatal coronary heart disease, nor on any major vascular events.
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Alzheimer’s Drug Proven Ineffective
A once-promising drug produces disappointing results in a recent trial, to the dismay of researchers, patients, and families still searching for a cure.
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The Vagaries of Reported Penicillin Allergy
The literature says that > 90% of patients who report a history of penicillin allergy can tolerate penicillin. Unstimulated penicillin sensitivity wanes over time: By age 10 years, 80% of allergic subjects are no longer allergic.
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Osteoblast Modulation in Osteoporosis Treatment
Most pharmacologic interventions currently in use for treatment or prevention of osteoporosis rely on osteoclast inhibition to enhance (or at least maintain) bone mineral density. In contrast, teriparatide primarily works by stimulation of osteoblasts.
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Cardiovascular Benefits of Pharmacotherapies for Type 2 Diabetes
The most recent American Diabetes Association 2018 guidance for pharmacotherapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus suggests that for patients with existing cardiovascular (CV) disease who are uncontrolled on metformin and lifestyle, consideration should be given to prioritizing agents demonstrated to provide CV risk reduction (empagliflozin, liraglutide, and canagliflozin).