A majority of participants in both study groups showed no reliable change on any measure.
Over the past few years, we have learned that seemingly minor injuries can cause significant morbidity and, in some cases, even contribute to mortality. Astute emergency providers have learned to look beyond minor complaints and watch for signs of significant problems. Mild traumatic brain injury or concussion is one of the best examples of an injury that has been often dismissed. Post-concussive syndrome was overlooked for many years. Athletes in particular are prone to repeated injury, which we now know contributes to later cognitive impairment and even in some cases death.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of 50 randomized controlled trials did not find that vitamin and antioxidant supplements reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Numerous subgroup analyses similarly found no benefit from daily supplementation, but also no adverse effects.
The authors concluded that in CAD patients, a history of CVE increased the risk of subsequent cardiovascular events, including hemorrhagic stroke.
