Cardiology
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Can Hormone Therapy Prevent the Development of a ‘Dowager’s Hump’?
Postmenopausal hormone therapy may reduce the risk of developing age-related hyperkyphosis, commonly known as a “Dowager’s hump.” Such therapy may provide long-term benefits.
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Carbohydrates, Insulin, and Obesity
Carbohydrate intake stimulates insulin secretion, which is the primary driver of weight gain. Besides driving glucose into cells, insulin causes fat storage, increases hunger, and lowers energy expenditure. High insulin blood levels lead to obesity with some genetic variation.
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Limited English Proficiency Associated With Significant Differences in End-of-life Care
In a retrospective cohort study, patients with limited English proficiency had lower rates of do not resuscitate orders, comfort measures orders, and advanced directives; higher rates of receiving certain types of life support; and longer hospital stays compared to their English-speaking counterparts.
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Can We Prevent Delirium in the ICU?
Low-dose nocturnal dexmedetomidine infusion was shown to prevent delirium in critically ill patients.
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Massive Hemorrhage and Transfusion Protocols in Trauma and Nontrauma Patients
Massive hemorrhage with hemodynamic instability or shock may arise from multiple causes and is a medical emergency requiring intensive care. Hemorrhagic shock typically develops with the loss of 30-40% of blood volume. Thankfully, its incidence is likely low. Treatment is focused on resuscitative efforts to restore blood volume and stop bleeding. Time is required to locate and secure the sources of blood loss. It is in this setting that resuscitation to maintain oxygen concentration, cardiac output, and circulating blood volume is necessary for survival. Massive transfusion protocols have been developed to provide rapid access to and administration of blood products in these situations.
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Biventricular Hypertrophy in an Asymptomatic Patient?
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Eravacycline Injection (Xerava)
The FDA has approved a new parenteral, broad-spectrum antibiotic in the tetracycline class for the treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infections.
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Home-based Detection of Undiagnosed Atrial Fibrillation
In patients with risk factors for atrial fibrillation, screening with a self-applied wearable ECG patch resulted in significantly increased rates of new atrial fibrillation diagnoses within four months, along with greater use of anticoagulants and healthcare resources.
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Are In-hospital Deaths Related to Community-acquired Pneumonia Preventable?
This secondary analysis of data from five tertiary care centers found that among patients hospitalized for community-acquired pneumonia, very few deaths potentially were related to a lapse in in-hospital quality of pneumonia care.
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Revised Anticoagulation Therapy Guidelines for Atrial Fibrillation Patients
More patients with atrial fibrillation may receive anticoagulation, according to new recommendations.