Infectious Disease Alert – September 1, 2007
September 1, 2007
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Oral Antibiotics for Pyelonephritis in Children
A multicenter non-inferiority open-labeled randomized controlled trial of oral amoxicillin-clavulanate (50 mg/kg/day divided 3 times a day for 10 days) compared to initial parenteral treatment with ceftriaxone (50 mg/kg/day as a single daily dose for 3 days) followed by oral amoxicillin-clavulanate (for 7 days) for children < 6 years of age with acute pyelonephritis and no anatomic urogenital tract abnormalities was conducted from 2000 to 2004 among 502 children 1 month to 7 years of age in 28 primary care practices in northern Italy. -
Prophylaxis for Recurrent UT Infections in Children
Synopsis: A large primary care pediatric study of recurrent urinary tract infections found a 12% per year recurrence rate with risk factors being white race, age 3-5 years, and grade 4-5 vesicoureteral reflux. Antimicrobial prophylaxis did not reduce the risk for recurrence but was associated with increased risk of recurrent infection caused by resistant organisms. -
Pediatric Malignancies Masquerading as Infections
Among 561 patients diagnosed with malignancy from 1993-2003 in the Northern Alberta Childrens Cancer Program, infectious diseases consultation was initially requested for 21 children (<15 years of age) a median of 7 days (range, 0-32 days) prior to definitive diagnosis. -
Rapid Diagnostic Testing for Malaria — It’s Finally Here!
The diagnosis and treatment of severe forms of malaria is an emergent matter. However, the microscopic diagnosis of malaria requires skill and experience and the availability of capable personnel at all hours of the day and night is becoming increasingly problematic in U.S. hospitals. -
Zika in Yap
An outbreak of dengue-like illness that began in May, 2007, on Yap, one of the Carolina islands of the Federated States of Micronesia, proved to be due to Zika virus. -
Q Fever in U.S. Soldiers Deployed to Iraq
This interesting report written by an ID Fellow at Walter Reed Army Medical Center (WRAMC) describes 3 cases of Q fever in deployed (or recently redeployed) soldiers serving in Iraq. -
West Nile Virus Neutralization by Plasma Immunoglobulin
There is no proven therapy for infection due to the mosquito-borne flavivirus West Nile Virus, introduced to a fully susceptible U.S. population in 1999. -
Rabies Symposium at CISTM
The rabies symposium at the conference of the International Society of Travel Medicine in Vancouver, Canada, featured Drs. David Warrell, David Shlim, and Kanitta Suvansrinon. -
Updates by Carol A. Kemper, MD, FACP
Guidelines for this years influenza season are now available, with important recommendations to hospitals and clinics. -
Clinical Briefs in Primary Care supplement
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Pharmacology Watch: Oral Anticoagulant + Antiplatelet Therapy = Danger
High-Dose Statin Therapy, Value for Older Adults; Simvastatin, Best for Parkinson's Disease; Polyethylene Glycol for Chronic Constipation; FDA Actions