Infectious Disease Alert – January 1, 2006

January 1, 2006

• Dissemination of Metallo-â-Lactamase Gene blaIMP-4 Among Gram-Negative Pathogens in a Clinical Setting

  Synopsis: Investigators reported finding the presence of a metallo-â-lactamase gene mediating resistance to multiple â-lactam antibiotics, including carbapenems, among multiple species of Gram-negative pathogens isolated from a single hospital in Australia.

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• Immunogenicity and Safety of the New MMRV Vaccine

  Synopsis: In these 2 studies, the quadrivalent measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella (MMRV) vaccine, with increased potency of varicella compared to the current monovalent varicella vaccine, provides a varicella response rate of 81% and 91% after 1 dose, and 99% and 100% after 2 doses.

  Read more about Immunogenicity and Safety of the New MMRV Vaccine - Infectious Disease Alert – January 1, 2006

• Cumitech Blood Cultures

  The American Society for Microbiology Periodically publishes updates, called Cumitechs, to their recommendations regarding specific areas of clinical microbiology. The following is a brief summary, written primarily from a clinicians point of view, of their recent monograph on blood cultures. The recommendations, with the exception of the recommended volume of blood draws, apply to both children and adults.

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• The Changing (Uglier) Face of CDAD

  Synopsis: Clostridium difficile-associated disease (CDAD) is increasing in incidence and severity, and is appearing in patients even in the absence of recent hospitalization or antimicrobial use.

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• Updated Guidelines for Antiretroviral Therapy — 2005

  Synopsis: The US Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) periodically updates their guidelines for antiretroviral therapy. The latest iteration of these guidelines was published in October 2005.

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• Dysregulation of Bacterial Proteolytic Machinery

  ADEP I-6 have a complex ring structure. ADEP-I is the primary natural product (factor A). ADEP-1 has congeners that have been optimized for antibacterial activity, with the addition of 2 fluorides, to produce a difluoronated phenylalanine side chain.

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• Updates by Carol A Kemper

  These authors report on the unique presentation of a 17-year-old previously healthy woman who developed acute onset fever, headache, nausea, and vomiting. Lumbar puncture confirmed a cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis, and blood and CSF (but not urine) cultures yielded Group B streptococcus (S. agalactiae).

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• Pharmacology Watch: FDA Recommends Approval of Muraglitazar, But May Need To Reconsider

  Which Antipsychotics Are More Dangerous?; Should CPOE Undergo Evaluation?; New Treatment for Tennis Elbow; FDA Actions

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• Clinical Briefs in Primary Care supplement

  Read more about Clinical Briefs in Primary Care supplement - Infectious Disease Alert – January 1, 2006