Clinician

Ethics education in medical school typically begins with theoretical frameworks and hypothetical case studies in the early preclinical years. As clinical responsibilities increase, students often experience a decline in formal ethics instruction. However, there is a way to fight against ethical erosion.

Implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs), used primarily to treat life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, increasingly are common among emergency department patients. However, their implantations aren't always without complications.

Although hormonal contraceptives are widely recognized for their role in preventing pregnancy, emerging evidence underscores their extensive noncontraceptive health benefits. These advantages span across multiple medical conditions, significantly enhancing the quality of life for individuals beyond reproductive control.

Prognosis plays a pivotal role in clinical practice, guiding therapeutic decisions and informing patients about their health trajectories. Terms like "guarded" and "poor" prognosis are frequently used but often lack standardized definitions, leading to potential misunderstandings.

For clinicians considering a career in primary care, understanding the differences between internal medicine, family medicine, and primary care practices is essential.

Hospital emergency codes are standardized color-coded signals used to alert staff to specific emergencies within healthcare facilities.

The CHA₂DS₂-VASc score is widely used to estimate the risk of ischemic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation and guide oral anticoagulant therapy decisions. Female sex has traditionally been included as an independent risk factor, based on early trials and observational data. However, it has long been debated whether this association reflects biological sex differences or confounding factors such as age, comorbidities, or sociocultural disparities in care.

The ASSURE-DES (Aspirin in Patients with Drug-Eluting Stents [DES] Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery) trial addressed a key clinical question: Should aspirin monotherapy be continued in stable patients with second- or third-generation DES undergoing elective noncardiac surgery more than one year after stent implantation?

Wellens syndrome is a critical, but often under-recognized electrocardiographic (ECG) pattern associated with severe stenosis of the proximal left anterior descending (LAD) artery. It is a harbinger of imminent anterior wall myocardial infarction (MI) and necessitates urgent intervention.

Among these, viral infections have been involved in the pathogenesis of GA. This article explores the association between viral infections and GA, highlighting the evidence supporting these links.