JCAHO’s safety goals — Clock is ticking, will your ED be compliant?
ED nursing leaders share their secrets for becoming, staying compliant
ED nurses will face even greater responsibility for compliance under the 2006 National Patient Safety Goals just unveiled by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO).
The goals include two major new requirements for EDs: One, under the goal, "Improve the effectiveness of communication among caregivers," addresses hand-offs of patients. The other, under "Improving the safety of using medications," involves the labeling of medication containers and other solutions during perioperative procedures, including those performed in the ED.
It is the nurse who is the critical participant in one-on-one communications during handoffs and the most important "pair of eyes" when it comes to ensuring all meds are properly labeled. ED Nursing has sought out leading ED managers across the country for their tips and advice on compliance. These EDs, some of whom already are compliant, can offer a clear roadmap for those who need to bring their departments into compliance.
Handoffs affect EDs most directly in admissions and during shift changes for nurses, says Richard J. Croteau, MD, executive director of patient safety initiatives for the Joint Commission.
"If handoffs are to be done well, you must create a more formalized process," he suggests. "A specific requirement is to allow for questions to be asked and clarification to be provided as apart of that communication."
Many EDs already are ahead of the game in terms of compliance with this safety goal, say some ED managers, including Darlene Bradley, RN, MSN, MAOM, CCRN, CEN, CNS, MICN, director of emergency/ trauma services at the University of California, Irvine (UCI) Medical Center in Orange. "We think, for example, that EDs are much more proactive in addressing [hand-offs to] the inpatient area because we are used to giving verbal communications," Bradley says.
However, many hospitals provide audiotaped change-of-shift reports, Croteau says. In those cases, he notes, if the new nurse has questions, he or she must guess or contact the prior nurse at home. Direct verbal communications are preferred.
"The types of things to be communicated are: who the patient is, what their condition is, their current status, what is anticipated in terms of treatment over the next shift, and condition changes or complications being looked for," he explains. In admissions, Croteau adds, that kind of information must be communicated to the inpatient staff.
The labeling requirement refers to all perioperative procedures, says Croteau. "It has been a long-standing practice to put medications on sterile field by pouring them into a little medicine cup, which is often unlabeled."
He adds that while this is "an old practice," it persists. Joint Commission officials believe about half of the hospitals in the United States still use this practice. "All meds have to be labeled," Croteau asserts.
Addressing the requirements
The leaders interviewed by ED Nursing offer a number of tips that can help you bring your ED into compliance.
At St. Anthony Community Hospital in Warwick, NY, handoffs are conducted from nurse to nurse, says Jeff Reilly, RN, vice president of administration and the facility’s former ED nurse manager. "This is a very critical piece of communication. Those questions and clarifications happen as part of our policies and procedures."
There always is concern about information being lost during admissions that occur at a shift change, Reilly concedes. "But we have procedures in place that unless there is a crisis, we do not transport patients from one department to another for about a half-hour to 40 minutes during shift changes."
At UCI Medical Center, the ED staff members view shift changes as an opportunity to also increase patient involvement, which is mandated in Goal 13: "Encourage the active involvement of patients and their families in the patient’s own care as a patient safety strategy."
"Between shifts, both nurses should go to the patient together and discuss the patient’s condition and what they hope to accomplish," says Bradley. "This way, you accomplish two of those patient safety goals right there."
For transfers to critical care, where, she notes, there are greater chances for error, "We call ahead of time and file a verbal report, including things the patient will need when they arrive, like a ventilator or an IV [intravenous] pole," Bradley says. "When they arrive, there is once again one-to-one communication between nurses."
That communication includes such items as looking at the wounds, the IV setup, and the patient’s valuables, she adds. "These are identified and counted in the ED and then by the nurse who is receiving the patient."
In the ED at St. Mary’s Regional Medical Center in Lewiston, ME, the admission report is verbal via in-house phone or, in the intensive care unit, given nurse to nurse at the bedside so they have the opportunity for dialogue, questions, and clarification of orders and treatment, says Jackie Mador, RN, MHA, CEN, ED manager/clinical coordinator. "Shift changes are always handled person-to-person," she says.
She thinks her facility still needs a formal policy delineating exactly what the nurses should discuss.
How will her staff do this? "We have a shared governance model," Mador explains. "The staff will be told what the standard and the expectations are, and then they will develop the process and the tools to meet them." While she is the ED manager, Mador says she would be present during the process only to lend support. "We foster and empower our nurses to come up with the exact process," she explains.
As for the new requirement concerning the labeling of meds, this safety goal can be addressed directly through packaging, says Bonnie Atencio, MS, RN, CEN, clinical educator in the ED at Mercy San Juan Medical Center in Carmichael, CA.
"In our ED, we use a pre-packaged suture kit called Kwik-Kit,’" she reports. (Kwik-Kit is manufactured by the Kendall division of Tyco Healthcare Group. (See the resources,below.)
"They contain two plastic sterile cups, into which the nurse pours normal saline solution in one, and [antiseptic] solution in the other," Atencio explains. "Everything else is brought into the room by the RN, and either the labeled bottle is held for the MD to withdraw the meds, or the medication is brought and administered by the RN."
The saline and antiseptic solutions are two very distinctly different appearing liquids, notes Atencio. Nevertheless, the Joint Commission requires that those cups also be labeled.
UCI Medical Center has IV carts that have all the labels, Bradley reports. "If a nurse puts out a new line, the label is added," she says. "If you need sterile product mixes and labels, the names and dosages are validated by the nurse upon receipt."
At St. Anthony Community Hospital, Reilly meets with all the clinical department directors and the vice president of patient care services every few weeks to review the goals and what they are doing to comply, "so we know we are up to speed," she says.
Sources/Resources
For more information on the patient safety goals, contact:
- Bonnie Atencio, MS, RN, CEN, Clinical Educator, Emergency Department, Mercy San Juan Medical Center, 6501 Coyle Ave., Carmichael, CA 95608. Telephone: (916) 536-3140. Fax: (916) 863-6802. E-mail: [email protected].
- Darlene Bradley, RN, MSN, MAOM, CCRN, CEN, CNS, MICN, Director Emergency/Trauma Services, UCI Medical Center, University of California, Irvine, 101 The City Drive, Route 128, Orange, CA 92868-3298. Telephone: (714) 456-5248. Fax: (714) 456-5390. E-mail: [email protected].
- Richard J. Croteau, MD, Executive Director of Patient Safety Initiatives, Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations, One Renaissance Blvd., Oakbrook Terrace, IL 60181. Telephone: (630) 792-5000. E-mail: [email protected].
- Jackie Mador, RN, MHA, CEN, Emergency Department Manager/Clinical Coordinator, St. Mary’s Regional Medical Center, Campus Avenue, Lewiston, ME 04243. Telephone: (207) 777-8246. E-mail: [email protected].
- Jeff Reilly, RN, Vice President of Administration, St. Anthony Community Hospital, 15 Maple Ave., Warwick, NY 10990. Telephone: (845) 986-2276. E-mail: [email protected].
You can download the patient safety goals free at the Joint Commission’s web site at www.jcaho.org. Under "Top Spots," click on "National Patient Safety Goals & FAQs." Once there, scroll to "Critical Access Hospital and Hospital."
For more information on the prepackaged suture kit Kwik-Kit, contact:
- Tyco Healthcare Group, Two Ludlow Park Drive, Chicopee, MA 01022. Telephone: (800) 962-9888. Fax: (800) 637-9775. Web: www.tycohealthcare.com.
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