Chemo is as effective before and after
Whether chemotherapy is given before or after breast-conserving therapy (BCT) does not have an impact on long-term local-regional outcomes, suggesting treatment success is due more to biologic factors than chemotherapy timing, according to a study1 by researchers at The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
The study also found that neoadjuvant chemotherapy (given before surgery) often shrinks breast cancer tumors, which makes them more likely to be treatable with BCT or a lumpectomy to remove a portion of the breast, followed by radiation.
"Even women who present with clinical stage 2 or 3 breast cancer may have good results with BCT after chemotherapy and not need a mastectomy," said Elizabeth Ann Mittendorf, MD, assistant professor in the Department of Surgical Oncology and lead author of the study. "The molecular characteristics of the tumor and other factors have an impact on treatment success, but not the order in which chemotherapy and surgery are given."
The retrospective study of almost 3,000 women treated for breast cancer at MD Anderson from 1987 to 2005 also confirmed several prior studies showing BCT offers high rates of cancer control for certain patients.
Approaches have similar outcomes
Of the patients surveyed, 78% had surgery before chemotherapy and 22% received chemotherapy first. Overall, women with cancers that had more adverse prognostic factors tended to be treated with chemotherapy first.
Five-and 10-year local-regional recurrence-free survival rates were excellent for both groups: 97% and 94%, respectively, for those who had surgery before chemotherapy; 93% and 90% for patients who received chemotherapy first. Mittendorf said that if adverse features, such as stage and grade of the cancer, age of the patient, and tumor hormone expression were factored in, survival rates were essentially the same for both groups of women.
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy resulted in complete pathologic response in 20% of patients and lowered cancer stage in almost half of patients who had stage 2 or 3 cancer before chemotherapy, which increases the likelihood that BCT might be effective for many women after chemotherapy.
"This study shows that women appropriately selected for BCT, even some women with stage 3 breast cancer, can have excellent rates of local-regional control," Mittendorf said. "The most important thing is putting all the factors together to determine who can most benefit from this approach."
The group plans to extend the study into MD Anderson patients treated after 2005. "Since 2005, treatment techniques have improved, including the ability to add targeted therapies to chemotherapy," Mittendorf said. "In the future, we will look at the effects of newer agents, and we anticipate the results will be even more favorable for women who received these treatments before surgery."
References
- Mittendorf E, Buchholz T, Tucker S, et al. Impact of chemotherapy timing on local-regional failures in patients with breast cancer undergoing breast-conserving therapy. J Clin Oncol 2011; 29: suppl 27:abstr 82.
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