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Patients with sentinel headaches occurring in the 4-week period prior to a subarachnoid hemorrhage have a 10-fold increase in early rebleeding. These patients may benefit from ultra-early treatment including aneurysm obliteration.
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Deep-brain stimulation (DBS) of the globus pallidus interna (GPi) is an FDA-approved treatment for certain types of dystonia, but previous studies have been limited by a small sample size and/or a lack of adequate controls.
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Prolonged starvation causes Wernicke's encephalopathy in spite of oral thiamine supplementation, and permanent neurological deficits may result.
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Patients with coronary artery disease who have received intra-coronary, drug-eluding stents (DES) may benefit from longer courses of clopidogrel than is currently standard.
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Although it is known that cigarette smoking is the most prevalent risk factor for lung cancer, other risk factors are important. It is notable that 10% of men and 20% of women with lung cancer never smoked, and that nearly half of patients are former smokers.
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Clostridium difficile diarrhea and colitis have now emerged as common nosocomial infections in hospitals throughout the developed world. Alarmingly, recent epidemiological studies in ambulatory settings have documented C. difficile infection in both adults and children who lack the usual risk factors of prior antibiotic use or hospitalization.