Internal Medicine
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BCG — Back to the Future?
In a population-based study, neonatal vaccination with bacille Calmette-Guérin significantly reduced rates of hospitalization for non-tuberculous respiratory infection and sepsis. BCG vaccine might provide significant protection through nonspecific immune enhancement.
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Polio — New Strategies as We Get Close to Eradication
The switch to a bivalent live attenuated oral polio vaccine by elimination of serotype 2 will be coordinated with the use of trivalent inactivated vaccine. The goal is to eliminate outbreaks of polio due to vaccine serotype 2, the major cause of such events.
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Antibiotics for Acute Appendicitis
ABSTRACT & COMMENTARY: Of those who needed surgery after treatment with antibiotics, the risk for complications was low.
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Statin Use and Cognitive Effects: Not a Brain Drain
Despite earlier concerns by the FDA about adverse effects of statins on cognitive functioning, a meta-analysis of data from more than 28,000 patients enrolled in 18 randomized, placebo-controlled trials of statin therapy failed to show a causal relationship between treatment and adverse neurocognitive effects for patients with and without cognitive impairment.
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Manipulating Degenerative Joint Disease: RCT Shows Short-term Effects
Men with low back pain who received one high-velocity, low-amplitude spinal manipulation had less pain and improvements in disc space and hip and spinal flexion.
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Treatment of Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth with Botanical Therapies Equivalent to Rifaximin
Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth is a condition associated with symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome and extraintestinal manifestations. This study investigates the effectiveness of the antibiotic rifaximin compared to botanical combination therapies for the treatment of the condition as diagnosed by lactulose breath testing.
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The Role of Ginger in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Ginger supplementation exhibits a promising effect on glycemic control, triglyceride levels, and systemic inflammation in type 2 diabetics.
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Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Diabetic ketoacidosis is an acute metabolic disorder characterized by markedly increased circulating ketone bodies leading to ketoacidosis in the presence of prolonged hyperglycemia due to an absence of insulin. Diabetic ketoacidosis may present in subjects with Type 1 diabetes mellitus with an absolute or relative insulin deficiency or in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus due to relative insulin deficiency. Diabetic ketoacidosis commonly occurs at the onset of Type 1 diabetes mellitus but also may occur from withdrawal or omission of insulin therapy due to psychiatric, social, or economic reasons or due to increased insulin requirements during an acute illness.
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Emergent Vascular Access: Is Intraosseous Better Than Central Venous Catheter Placement?
In this single-center, prospective, observational study, intraosseous access outperformed central venous catheter placement in terms of first-pass success rates, mean placement times, and complication rates.
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Is Peripheral Intravenous Administration of Vasopressors Really Safe?
The administration of vasoactive medications by peripheral intravenous access is safe and feasible in critically ill, hypotensive patients.