Bacterial resistance to antibiotic treatment has concerned the medical community since the introduction of the first antibiotics in the 1920s. Development of new anti-infective agents has been precipitated by increasing resistance to older agents and classes of agents.
Ultrasound utilizes frequencies well above the range of human hearing to penetrate and visualize structures in the body. While human hearing is generally in the range of 20-20,000 Hz (cycles/second), diagnostic ultrasound is typically in the range of 2-12 mega-hertz (MHz), or 2-12 million cycles per second.
While children typically have a lower severity of illness than their adult counterparts during visits to the emergency department (ED), they also present with some of the most serious illnesses. Furthermore, there are a wide range of possible illnesses with potentially devastating outcomes for children. Unfortunately, the relative rarity of critically ill or injured children means that clinical experience potentially may be lacking or even atrophied over time.
As if communication with young children was not challenging enough, the child presenting with an altered mental status (AMS) is an exceptional opportunity for testing one's sleuthing ability. The reality is that we see far more adults with AMS than we do children. Consequently, we might be tempted for just a moment to doubt our abilities.
