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Hemorrhage Control in Adult and Geriatric Trauma

Death from hemorrhage may be rapid and allows the acute care practitioner a limited time frame to make critical interventions. The approach has changed drastically, and the authors provide the current tactics available to minimize blood loss until definitive hemostasis may occur.

Hyponatremia: Evaluation and Management in the Emergency Department

Hyponatremia is one of the most common electrolyte derangements among adults presenting to the emergency department and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. A variety of factors and disease processes can contribute to the development of hyponatremia, varying in both chronicity and in subsequent symptomatology. Understanding the varied etiologies of hyponatremia is essential for the emergency physician to appropriately manage this electrolyte disorder, ensuring appropriate treatment and disposition in a common but potentially dangerous disease process.

Emergency Care of the Medically Complex Pediatric Patient

Children with special healthcare needs require an individualized approach based on their unique situations. Acute care providers must be familiar with the special devices, potential complications, and evaluations necessary for children with these devices. Early involvement of pediatric specialists may be necessary to provide optimal care to these children. The authors discuss many aspects of the care of children with special healthcare needs to enhance and optimize outcomes.

Pulmonary Embolism

Emergency clinicians need to remain updated on the management and treatment of many critical diagnoses. Pulmonary emboli carry a significant morbidity and mortality, even with the advances in treatment that have been made over the past several decades. Having a high suspicion, making the diagnosis early, and initiating treatment are important for optimal patient outcomes.

Evaluation and Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke

The primary goal of acute stroke care is to salvage as much brain tissue as possible by identifying patients likely to benefit from IV thrombolysis and/or endovascular thrombectomy and delivering treatment safely and promptly.

Spontaneous Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

This article reviews the typical and atypical presentations of spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage and its complications. It also will discuss management of spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage and its complications, with a focus on treatment in the emergency setting.

Identifying and Treating Pediatric Ocular Trauma

Pediatric ocular injuries are predominantly minor but may be devastating. The emergency provider must understand the anatomy and injuries that may result in significant damage and a timely critical approach to preserve the child’s vision.

Management of Seizures in the Emergency Department

While most seizures will be brief and self-limited, prolonged seizure activity and status epilepticus represent high morbidity and mortality presentations. This review aims to summarize the best available evidence on seizure evaluation, classification, and acute management.

Acute Ataxia and Gait Disturbances in the Emergency Department

Ataxia and gait disturbances can signify a variety of conditions. The differential includes benign as well as life-threatening causes. An understanding of the pathophysiology and a thorough neurological exam are critical in making these distinctions.

Incidental Findings for ED Patients Are Common, Staff Do Not Always Act

The search continues for an effective technique to identify and intervene on these findings in a way that works in the context of a busy ED workflow.

Emergency Medicine - Adult and Pediatric

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