Browse Clinical Articles by Topic

CREST-2 Boosts Modern Medical Therapy for the Initial Treatment of Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis

CREST-2 consisted of two parallel randomized trials in patients with ≥ 70% asymptomatic carotid stenosis, showing that intensive medical therapy alone produced very low stroke rates, with no significant additional benefit from carotid endarterectomy and a modest absolute risk reduction with carefully performed transfemoral carotid stenting over four years. These findings support intensive risk factor control as the default strategy and suggest reserving revascularization for highly selected patients at experienced centers.

Knee Osteoarthritis and Degenerative Meniscal Tear: Lessons from Two 2025 Trials

Two high-quality, randomized studies demonstrate the effectiveness of unsupervised exercise programs for knee osteoarthritis and degenerative menisical tear.

New Guidelines for HPV Testing of Self-Collected Vaginal Specimens for Cervical Cancer Screening

This article outlines national consensus guidelines for the use of human papillomavirus (HPV) testing of self-collected vaginal specimens for cervical cancer screening.

Opportunistic Salpingectomy in Patients with High-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma

Of 650 patients diagnosed with high-grade serous ovarian cancer between 2014 and 2021, 56.5% underwent a prior abdominal or pelvic surgery with opportunity to undergo risk-reducing opportunistic salpingectomy with a median time between ovarian cancer diagnosis and prior surgery of 30.0 years (interquartile range, 19.4 to 37.7 years).

The Role of Doula Support in Reducing Cesarean Delivery Rates

Professional intrapartum doula support is associated with a clinically meaningful reduction in cesarean deliveries and operative vaginal births without adverse effects on neonatal Apgar scores. Although heterogeneity and possible publication bias temper certainty, the consistency of benefit across randomized controlled trials and high-quality observational studies supports doulas as a promising and focused strategy to improve intrapartum outcomes.

The Effect of Criminalizing Illicit Drug Use in Pregnancy

In this observational study of three states, punitive prenatal drug use policies were associated with 4,396.29 fewer births per 100,000 patients receiving any prenatal care (95% confidence interval [CI], -6,176.07, -2,616.51) and 1,847.99 fewer facility-based deliveries (95% CI, -3,688.29, -7.69).

Iatrogenic Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy-Related Inflammation

In this multicenter, retrospective case series, the authors sought to describe the co-occurrence of two rare variants of cerebral amyloid angiopathy: iatrogenic cerebral amyloid angiopathy, thought to be caused by prion-like spread of amyloid beta after seeding from neurosurgical procedures decades prior to symptom onset, and cerebral amyloid angiopathy-related inflammation, characterized by robust perivascular inflammatory response in amyloid-laden vessels. This series demonstrates that inflammation can complicate iatrogenic cerebral amyloid angiopathy, supporting a spectrum model of disease and urging multicenter study.

Vertigo and Altered Postural Perception: Overlapping Symptoms, Distinct Mechanisms

Two distinct vestibular disorders, persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD) and vestibular migraine (VM), both involve vertigo as a primary symptom. Nearly half of chronic migraine patients also experience vertigo, especially those with aura and allodynia. Since PPPD is seen as a functional maladaptation and VM is associated with cortical hyperexcitability, treatment for vertigo in these two conditions should be tailored to their unique pathophysiological mechanisms.

Progressive Encephalomyelitis with Rigidity and Myoclonus with GlyR Antibodies

This is a retrospective observational study of patients with a clinical diagnosis of progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus (PERM) and glycine receptor (GlyR) antibodies identified at a specialized neuroimmunology laboratory, as well as an accompanying systematic literature review. The goal of the study was to describe the clinical features and long-term outcome of patients with GlyR antibody-mediated PERM.

Relationship Between Abnormal Amyloid-β Deposition and Regional Brain Atrophy on MRI

In a retrospective review of patients followed in the Wisconsin Alzheimer Disease Research Center, the time course of early deposition of amyloid-β correlated with regional atrophy in temporoparietal regions of interest independent of tau positivity.