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Post-Operative Delirium May Involve Altered Brain Glucose Metabolism

Post-operative delirium is a major health problem that occurs in about half of older patients who undergo surgery with general anesthesia. This prospective study from Norway of patients undergoing emergency hip repair surgery demonstrated from spinal fluid analysis that patients with delirium have abnormalities in brain glucose uptake and metabolism and have an early shift to ketosis in the spinal fluid.

Mosquito-Borne Diseases in the 21st Century

Hundreds of millions of people across the globe are affected by mosquito-borne diseases each year, and travelers who do not exercise caution and take preventive measures are at especially high risk. Mosquito-borne diseases are found mostly in tropical and subtropical destinations, ranging from America to Africa and Asia. Chikungunya virus, dengue, filariasis, Japanese encephalitis virus, malaria, West Nile virus, yellow fever, and Zika virus are particular sources of concern for travelers venturing into regions where these vectors abound. This article will focus on these mosquito-borne illnesses, especially the flaviviruses.

Resmetirom Tablets (Rezdiffra)

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved the first drug and first-in-class for the treatment of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (formerly known as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis). Resmetirom is a selective thyroid hormone receptor-beta partial agonist and was granted an accelerated approval. It is distributed by Madrigal Pharmaceuticals, Inc. as Rezdiffra.

Quality, not Quantity: Plant-Based Carbs Might Result in Less Weight Gain

This long-term prospective study found that adults on low-carbohydrate diets rich in plant-based and whole grain sources of protein and fat experienced significantly less weight gain than those on other types of low-carbohydrate diets.

Food as Medicine? Follow the Evidence

In this randomized, controlled study of more than 400 individuals with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes and food insecurity, an intensive intervention offering healthy groceries and educational efforts failed to significantly affect glycemic control but resulted in heightened engagement with preventive healthcare services in the intervention group compared to the control.

Can Bariatric Surgery Control Blood Pressure Long-Term?

A randomized trial comparing bariatric surgery to medical therapy in hypertensive obese patients has shown that bariatric surgery effectively lowers blood pressure over five years of follow-up.

Doxycycline Reduces the Risk of C. difficile Infection in Patients Treated for CAP

In a retrospective study from the VA, doxycycline was associated with a lower risk of C. difficile infection compared to azithromycin in hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia.

Supplemental Calcium Therapy for the Prevention of Preeclampsia and Preterm Birth

In pregnancy, calcium supplementation was well tolerated and reduced the risk of preeclampsia and preterm birth, with no significant differences observed between low-dose and high-dose supplementation.

Medications for OUD in the First Trimester and Congenital Malformation Risk

In this large, retrospective cohort study of births covered by Medicaid from 2000-2018, the authors used linked Medicaid use data to compare 9,514 pregnancies with buprenorphine exposure and 3,846 with methadone exposure in the first trimester. After adjusting for relevant confounders, the risk of major congenital malformation was lower for buprenorphine-exposed infants compared to methadone-exposed infants (risk ratio, 0.82; 95% confidence interval, 0.69-0.97), although rates overall remained low (50.9 per 1,000 for buprenorphine and 60.6 per 1,000 for methadone).

New Guidelines on p16/Ki67 Dual Stain for Triage of HPV-Positive Cervical Cancer Screening Tests

This article outlines national consensus guidelines for the use of p16/Ki67 dual stain for triage of human papillomavirus-positive cervical cancer screening tests.