Cardiology
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Ketamine vs. Etomidate for Emergency Intubation
In a single-center, open label study, ketamine for emergency intubation compared to etomidate was associated with lower seven-day mortality, although 28-day mortality was similar.
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Awake Prone Positioning for COVID-19-Related Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure
This special feature summarizes the literature associated with awake prone positioning (APP), describes known factors related to successful APP, and highlights current recommendations regarding APP in the setting of COVID-19.
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New Guidance to Promote Diverse Populations in Cardiovascular Trials
Individuals who participate in randomized clinical trials should be representative of the patients who will be treated with the drugs under investigation. Unfortunately, studies have consistently shown women and those from racial and ethnic minority groups are consistently underenrolled in cardiovascular clinical trials relative to their disease burden in the population.
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Regarding Exercise Capacity Past Age 75 Years, What Is Normal?
A group of researchers delivered results that could help inform clinicians about the expected exercise test performance of older patients.
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Detecting Cancer Treatment-Related Cardiac Dysfunction
When searching for breast cancer-related cardiac dysfunction, a sequential algorithm using echo ejection fraction and strain parameters produced an area under the receiver operating curve of 89%. Adding biomarkers did not improve the ability to diagnose cardiac dysfunction.
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Comparing CT Angiography to Invasive Angiography for Stable Chest Pain Patients
A trial of initial coronary CT angiography vs. invasive angiography revealed outcomes over a median 3.5-year follow-up were similar, but procedure-related complications were more common in the invasive group.
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Thrombolysis vs. Surgery for Thrombosed Mechanical Prosthetic Valves
A study of patients with obstructive prosthetic valve thrombosis that deployed low-dose, slow infusion thrombolysis or surgery using shared decision-making, showed thrombolysis was highly effective and resulted in fewer major complications than surgery.
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Comparison of Treatments Highlights Poor Outcomes for TAVR Patients with Infective Endocarditis
In this analysis of a large registry of transcatheter aortic valve replacement patients with confirmed endocarditis, most were treated with antibiotics without surgery. In-hospital and one-year mortality rates were high and were not much better in patients who underwent surgery.
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Donepezil Transdermal Patch (Adlarity)
Donepezil transdermal system can be prescribed to treat mild, moderate, and severe dementia of the Alzheimer’s type.
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Bloodstream Infections During COVID-19
Severity of illness, prolonged hospital stays, use of mechanical ventilation, and use of immune-modulating agents in patients with COVID-19 may have contributed to observed increases in hospital-acquired blood stream infections and attendant mortality.