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Primary progressive apraxia of speech has been well characterized as a distinct neurodegenerative disease, but underlying pathology and prognosis are uncertain in most cases.
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Over a 6-year period, 2305 patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction and normal sinus rhythm were randomized to warfarin treatment (target INR of 2.0 to 3.5) or aspirin (325 mg per day) and followed to determine the rate of a composite endpoint of ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, or death from any cause.
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Changes in CSF metabolites reflect dopamine and norepinephrine deficiency in Parkinson's disease, and may be sensitive in early identification.
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Azithromycin and cardiac risk; warfarin and heart failure; aspirin and VTE; effectiveness of long-acting contraceptives; and FDA actions.
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Normal pressure hydrocephalus remains a clinical diagnosis and standardized clinical assessments predict a positive response to shunting in most patients.
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It is recognized that most cases of chronic tinnitus are generated by central brain mechanisms that may be amenable to treatment with cognitive therapies and magnetic stimulation protocols of the temporal and frontal lobes.
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Celiac disease (CD), also known as gluten-sensitive enteropathy as well as two older and no longer recommended terms,3 nontropical sprue and celiac sprue, is a chronic immune-mediated disorder induced by dietary gluten in genetically susceptible individuals. In CD patients, the ingestion of gluten results in the development of small intestinal mucosal villous atrophy with crypt hyperplasia and mucosal inflammation. Patients may be asymptomatic or may manifest classic malabsorptive symptoms of abdominal pain, bloating, weight loss, diarrhea, and steatorrhea. They also may present along a spectrum with more subtle gastrointestinal and/or extraintestinal symptoms and signs of the disease; virtually every body system can be affected.
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