Clinician

The CHA₂DS₂-VASc score is widely used to estimate the risk of ischemic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation and guide oral anticoagulant therapy decisions. Female sex has traditionally been included as an independent risk factor, based on early trials and observational data. However, it has long been debated whether this association reflects biological sex differences or confounding factors such as age, comorbidities, or sociocultural disparities in care.

The ASSURE-DES (Aspirin in Patients with Drug-Eluting Stents [DES] Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery) trial addressed a key clinical question: Should aspirin monotherapy be continued in stable patients with second- or third-generation DES undergoing elective noncardiac surgery more than one year after stent implantation?

Wellens syndrome is a critical, but often under-recognized electrocardiographic (ECG) pattern associated with severe stenosis of the proximal left anterior descending (LAD) artery. It is a harbinger of imminent anterior wall myocardial infarction (MI) and necessitates urgent intervention.

Among these, viral infections have been involved in the pathogenesis of GA. This article explores the association between viral infections and GA, highlighting the evidence supporting these links.

A life-threatening condition, shock is characterized by inadequate tissue perfusion, leading to cellular dysfunction and potential organ failure. It is a medical emergency requiring rapid diagnosis and intervention.

A common sexually transmitted infection (STI), trichomoniasis is caused by the protozoan parasite Trichomonas vaginalis. It is one of the most prevalent non-viral STIs worldwide, affecting millions of individuals annually.

This article provides an in-depth examination of sleep latency, including its physiology, clinical significance, assessment methods, and management strategies for both short and prolonged sleep latency conditions. Additionally, it explores emerging research, case studies, and novel therapeutic interventions to provide a comprehensive resource for healthcare providers.

Rigors, commonly referred to as uncontrollable shaking chills, are a clinical symptom characterized by intense, involuntary muscle contractions accompanied by a sensation of cold. These episodes often precede fever and indicate an underlying infection or systemic inflammatory response.

Pulmonary contusion is a common and potentially life-threatening lung injury that usually results from blunt chest trauma. It is defined as parenchymal injury to the lung that leads to alveolar hemorrhage and edema without significant laceration.

Pseudomembranous colitis (PMC), an acute inflammatory disease affecting the colon, is most commonly caused by an overgrowth of Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile), a toxin-producing, spore-forming gram-positive anaerobic bacterium. It is a central reason for antibiotic-associated diarrhea and colitis, leading to significant morbidity and mortality, especially in hospitalized patients and those with recent antibiotic exposure.