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Since the release of initial CDC guidelines in 2005 for using the Quanti-FERON-TB Gold test, two additional interferon gamma-release assays (IGRAs) have been approved by the FDA, bringing the number of tests for detecting tuberculosis (TB) infection used in the United States to four.
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In this issue: Aggressive approach to CVD reduces MI, folic acid and vitamin B12 for CAD, corticosteroids for acute exacerbations of COPD, prescription drug abuse among young adults, and ARBs and cancer risk.
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Malaria continues to be a global scourge, with nearly half the world's population living in malaria-endemic areas, 200-500 million annual clinical cases, and nearly a million annual deaths (almost all due to P. falciparum).
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Several years ago, two different publications appeared showing that prolonged incubation of blood cultures beyond the initial five-day protocol for patients with suspected fastidious bacterial endocarditis did not yield significant additional pathogens with today's modern blood-culture media and automated methods.
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Ivermectin is a well-known anti-parasitic medication that has been used for years, with little toxicity to humans.
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Cryptococcal infection has taken another new twist. For years before the HIV epidemic, infection with C. neoformans mostly occurred in immunosuppressed individuals who also had some defined zoonotic exposure, often to birds or pigeons.
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A physician in new York notified relevant county and state public health authorities in August 2009, of a patient from Rochester with suspected dengue, subsequently confirmed by CDC, whose only travel had been to Key West, FL. Confirmation at the CDC included both serum antibody testing and detection of dengue virus serotype 1 in cerebrospinal fluid.
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