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With their variable and unpredictable results, bites and stings can be vexing for the ED physician to assess and treat. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview for treatment of the most important bites and stings encountered in the United States. Due to the popularity of the exotic pet trade, some non-native species now commonly held in captivity in private homes in the United States also will be discussed, especially when specific anti-venom is available.
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On February 11, 2005 the New York City Department of Health sent out a Dear Colleague letter reporting the case of a homosexual man who sustained primary infection with a 3-drug-class-resistant HIV-1 accompanied by rapid CD4+ T cell depletion and progression to AIDS.
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A multicenter study of 4 non-invasive tests for Helicobacter pylori infection in children and adolescents showed the urea breath test to be the preferred diagnostic test, with the greatest sensitivity among all age groups.
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The potential for a clinically detrimental interaction between didanosine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (DF) has received considerable attention lately in the medical community. Tenofovir DF is a nucleotide analog of adenosine 5-monophosphate, which was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in October 2001. Didanosine, 1 of 7 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) marketed in the United States, has been implicated as the causative agent significant adverse events such as lactic acidosis/hepatic steatosis, pancreatitis, and peripheral neuropathy.
